Bill seen as threat to civil liberties

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Tucked inside a intelligence spending bill awaiting the president's signature is a provision that allows the FBI to obtain an individual's financial records from pawn shops, casinos, car dealers and travel agents without a court order.

The measure was included in the intelligence authorization bill and expands on who can be served with "national security letters" that demand financial information on investigations relating to terrorism or counterintelligence. The letters, or subpoenas, do not require judicial review or approval.

Rep. C.L. "Butch" Otter, Idaho Republican, said the provision is a "thinly veiled expansion of the Patriot Act" that will have "far-reaching consequences for Americans' civil liberties."

"With this legislation, we eliminate the judicial oversight that was built into our system for a reason -- to make sure that our precious liberties are protected," Mr. Otter said.

The authorization bill was sent to President Bush's desk Tuesday for his signature, and he has until Dec. 13 to sign the measure into law, a White House spokeswoman said. It passed Nov. 20 in the House 264-163, and in the Senate Nov. 21 by voice vote.

The measure redefines "financial institutions" that was previously limited to banks, credit unions, and savings and loan organizations.

Now the definition also includes brokers and dealers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, investment bankers, operators of credit-card systems, insurance companies, dealers in precious metals, stones, or jewels, licensed senders of money, telegraph companies, airplane and boat dealers, Realtors and estate closings, and the U.S. Post Office.

Financial institution also means "any other business designated by the secretary [of the Treasury] whose cash transactions have a high degree of usefulness in criminal, tax, or regulatory matters."

Once a national security letter has been issued to search an individual's financial records, the company is prevented by law from notifying the person being investigated.