Saddam sent instructions to insurgents

BAGHDAD — Saddam Hussein was personally directing the postwar insurgency inside Iraq that has claimed the lives of more than 200 coalition troops, playing a far more active role than previously thought, American intelligence officers have concluded since his capture.

Despite the bewildered appearance of the deposed dictator when he was hauled from his hiding hole last weekend, he is believed to have been issuing regular instructions on targets and tactics through five trusted lieutenants.

This conclusion could have serious implications for his status in U.S. custody. U.S. officials have made clear that he will lose his rights as a prisoner of war if he was involved in the postwar violence.

Documents found in his briefcase when he was caught indicated that he had been kept informed of the progress of the insurgency, but did not suggest he had overall control of operations by former Ba’ath Party loyalists.

However, since the arrest and interrogation of guerrilla leaders identified in the paperwork, U.S. investigators now believe that Saddam was at the head of an elaborate network of rebel cells.

They have put together a detailed picture of Saddam’s support structure while in hiding. This network enabled him to issue commands without the use of satellite phones that monitoring devices could pick up.

The Sunday Telegraph also has learned that millions of dollars to support the insurgency were recovered in raids on other suspected Saddam safe houses.

U.S. officials say he was in regular contact with five “enablers” — veterans of his feared security services drawn from his power base of Tikrit.

Each man had his own responsibility: logistics, financing, planning, operations and as chief of staff. It was the last of these lieutenants, picked up in a swoop in Baghdad nine days ago, who gave away Saddam’s hiding place.

“They knew where he was, and they were able to travel to him or meet him somewhere,” said Maj. Stan Murphy, the intelligence officer for the 4th Infantry Division’s 1st Brigade, which captured the deposed dictator.

The enablers kept Saddam informed and passed his commands to a second layer of subordinates, who headed rebel cells in such flash-point cities as Samarra and Fallujah and who passed the orders down through several tiers to the lowest-level operatives.

“He would give very general guidance like, ‘Hey, I’d like to see more attacks,’” the major said. “His enablers would then go out to the various tiers below them and give specific guidance, money and weapons.”

By capturing Saddam and several leaders of his Fedayeen fighters, the Americans believe that they have dealt a serious blow to the Ba’athist insurgency. Attacks on coalition forces, however, have continued since Saddam’s capture.

In Iraq yesterday, the Spanish prime minister paid a surprise visit to his country’s soldiers, affirming his support for the occupation as the United States said it was deploying more troops.

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