Stifling Iraqi rebels a long-term project

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The insurgency in Iraq is showing its adaptability on the battlefield, turning a defeat in Fallujah into deadly uprisings in Mosul, Ramadi, Baqouba and other towns, defense officials say.

The Pentagon is coming to the conclusion that the anti-coalition will last for years, although not at the current level where it musters 100 attacks per day, the officials said. The real question is whether pro-U.S. Iraqi security forces will one day be able to keep the attacks at a low enough level to allow for a functioning democratic government.

"At some level, this will go on for years," said a Defense Department adviser, who asked not to be named. "These insurgents are able to get into cities and cause problems. They're able to do that in a wide-open country."

U.S. Marines, Army soldiers and Iraqi security forces declared yesterday that they had conquered Fallujah, more than a week after troops invaded the city's northern neighborhood and drove the enemy toward a blocking force on the southern outskirts.

Commanders say as many as 1,000 insurgents were killed, although Pentagon officials privately put the number in the hundreds.

Col. Michael Regner, operations officer for the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force in Fallujah, told Reuters that at least 1,052 insurgents had been taken prisoner. Only about two dozen were from outside Iraq. Iraqi government officials have said they have found the dead bodies of Iranians, Syrians, Saudis and Sudanese inside the fallen city.

Sporadic fighting was reported on a few streets in southern Fallujah, and ground troops called in air strikes to hit buildings housing the remaining fighters.

"What you're seeing now are some of the hard-liners," Marine Maj. Gen. Richard Natonski, who designed the war plan for Fallujah, told the British Broadcasting Corp. "They seem to be better equipped than some of the earlier ones. We've seen flak jackets on some of them. But we're more determined, and we're going to wipe them out."

But many insurgents escaped before the Nov. 7 assault on Fallujah, and others sprung attacks to coincide with the battle, demonstrating some degree of centralized command and control.

What troubles some Pentagon planners is the fact that cities that seemed secure suddenly became the scene of blatant terrorist attacks.