Uganda AIDS fight shuns condoms

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KAMPALA, Uganda - Aid workers and foreign activists say Uganda is moving away from the highly successful "ABC" formula that won the country international recognition as Africa's leader in the fight against AIDS.

The pioneering formula -- which stands for "abstain, be faithful or use a condom" -- helped the government reduce the infection rate in Uganda from 18 percent to 6 percent in a decade.

But the infection rate remained at 6 percent in recent years and rose to 7 percent in the most recent Health Ministry survey. Critics say this is because the government -- influenced by evangelical Christians -- has de-emphasized condom use, focusing exclusively on abstinence and marital fidelity.

A government official involved in AIDS issues, who refused to be named, said the shift reflects the influence of first lady Janet Museveni, a vocal evangelical Christian. She has persuaded many people, including President Yoweri Museveni, to stress abstinence and marital fidelity over condoms, the official said.

Health Minister Jim Muhwezi insists that evangelicals do not dictate policy, adding that it is appropriate for the government to preach abstinence to young Ugandans.

"If those are protected when they are young, then when they get partners, they will use behavior change, which means being faithful to their partners," he said.

"Then this will go a long way to stop the spread of AIDS. And those who cannot stop use condoms."

Stephen Lewis, the United Nations' special envoy to Africa on AIDS, said a speech by Mr. Museveni at a global AIDS conference in Bangkok last year made clear that "it has been a deliberate government policy to shift the emphasis from ABC to AB."

"All you had to do was be in Bangkok to hear Museveni's speech to know that condoms were falling into disrepute" in Uganda, Mr. Lewis said in a conference call arranged by health activists and Human Rights Watch.

Jennifer Bakyawa, who heads the National Guidance and Empowerment Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS, said, "Several countries have copied Uganda's model of A and B and C.