Women as sexual abusers

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Headlines in Florida, Oklahoma, Tennessee and California are once again telling the tales of adult women arrested for having sexual relations with teenage boys.

Public reaction to such cases is changing, authorities say, and there is an increasing recognition of women as sexual abusers.

Plenty of people still say "this boy has got it made," but now more people are saying "this is really a problem," said Judy Berman, senior manager of the Department of Justice's Center for Sex Offender Management, which will soon issue a report on female sex offenders.

Cases now making headlines are reminiscent of Seattle teacher Mary Kay Letourneau, who was 34 and the married mother of four when she started having sex with a 12-year-old male student. Letourneau served seven years in prison and has announced plans to marry Vili Fualaau, now 22, with whom she has had two children.

More recent headlines include Florida teacher Debra LaFave, 23; Oklahoma basketball coach Elisa Nielson, 29; Tennessee physical-education teacher Pamela Turner, 27; and California teacher trainee Margaret De Barraicua, 30. Each of the four was charged with sexual assault of a male student aged between 12 and 16. Police say Mrs. De Barraicua was arrested in the act, in her car, while her toddler son sat inside in his car seat.

On March 2, police in Braxton County, W.Va., arrested Toni Lynn Woods, a 37-year-old middle-school teacher, and charged her with having sexual relations with five students younger than 16.

The number of female inmates doing time for sex offenses has doubled in recent years: In 1991, there were 647 women in prison for rape and other sexual offenses; in 2002, there were 1,300 female sex offenders, according to prisoner reports collected by the Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Statistics. However, sex offenders remain a small percentage of female inmates.

"We don't really think there are more sex offenders. We think the reporting has gotten better," said Allison Taylor, executive director of Texas' Council on Sex Offender Treatment.

What kind of woman seeks sex with teenage boys? In the past, researchers have relied on four concepts: "Boundary crossers" who seek affirmation, affection or something else from a vulnerable partner; women who are emotionally disturbed or mentally ill; women who are predatory pedophiles; and women who are committing sexual offenses at the behest of someone else, usually an adult male.

Much more research is needed, "as many women won't fit into those categories," Ms. Berman said.