Schwarz's loss seen as cautionary tale

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Rep. Joe Schwarz campaigned personally with Sen. John McCain and had the support of President Bush -- but what the incumbent didn't have was the right positions on issues for a conservative Republican district in Michigan.

His loss in last week's primary to conservative state lawmaker Tim Walberg is being read in Washington as a message to other Republicans about the need to control spending and listen to the conservative base on issues such as immigration and abortion.

Although the defeat of Sen. Joe Lieberman in Connecticut's Democratic primary has garnered the most attention, Mr. Schwarz's loss indicates that Republican voters may be just as restless.

"Republicans the same day learned, 'Don't spend too much money. It's not good for your political health,' " said Grover Norquist, president of Americans for Tax Reform. He said Republican politics has entered a new chapter in which a lawmaker's votes on spending will be much more closely scrutinized by voters.

Mr. Schwarz signed the group's pledge not to raise taxes in 2004, and Mr. Norquist said he did vote for tax cuts. But Mr. Norquist said, "There's a higher standard now: What are you doing to cut spending?"

Other Republicans saw Mr. Schwarz's position on immigration -- he tied himself to Mr. McCain's plan for guest workers and repeated Mr. Bush's declaration that the country cannot deport an estimated 12 million illegal aliens -- hurt him.

"McCain and Bush are presently not the best allies for a primary," one Republican aide on Capitol Hill said. "When immigration is the party's No. 1 primary issue, why surround yourself with the party's two least credible sources on the issue?"

Mr. Walberg won 53 percent to 47 percent to oust Mr. Schwarz, who was first elected in 2004.

"Tim ran on limiting government spending, reducing taxes, defining traditional marriage, standing up for the culture of life," said Joe Wicks, Mr. Walberg's campaign manager. "Those were the economic issues that is the base, the key of the Republican Party."

The conservative group Club for Growth also played a key role in the race. The group and its supporters spent more than $1 million promoting Mr. Walberg as a true fiscal conservative and attacking Mr. Schwarz as a big government, wasteful-spending, liberal Republican.