OPINION:
As Washington attempts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, it must also confront another major threat to its national security: war from outer space. This is not a distant scenario, but one that will soon be central to the national security of leading nations. The next president will be obliged to deal with the looming danger presented by new developments in space technology.
This threat has become more apparent in recent years, typified by China’s test of an anti-satellite weapon.
In January, 2007, China launched a missile into space which resulted in destroying an old Chinese weather satellite. This incident demonstrates that China may soon be able to destroy American satellites that are essential to its military. The U.S. military relies on satellites for communications, reconnaissance and positioning. Satellites are also vital to the U.S. economy. In February, the United States successfully deployed an anti-satellite weapon. According to a recent report by the Council on Foreign Relations titled “China, Space Weapons, and U.S. Security,” these tests demonstrate we are entering a new era of space exploration - one where there are insufficient international parameters. The report warns that China is preparing for space conflict and that America, too, must be ready.
In addition to potentially disrupting U.S. military installations or economic conditions, such warfare can result in debris that can linger in outer space for years. Space debris moves at a speed of more than 17,000 miles per-hour and can eventually collide with a satellite, causing its destruction. All nations have a vested interest in restraining the use of anti-satellite weapons and attempting to mitigate space debris.
More importantly, however, the report rightly states that Washington must take the lead in preventing space conflict. The U.S. must craft a defensive system against anti-satellite weapons, must foster deterrent measures and also work with other nations to ensure that space exploration remains open to all and safe for all. One of the most challenging features of space control is how to police the actions of other nations in space: an international policy of transparency is essential, but difficult to enforce. One approach, as sanctioned by the Bush administration, is to improve space situational awareness - that is, the ability to track objects in space and determine their capabilities. Most experts agree, however, that the U.S. needs to further develop its capabilities in this area.
And while U.S. defensive space systems need to be enhanced, its offensive capacities also need to be further developed. A vigorous American space policy must be crafted in light of these recent developments. A proactive space policy need not lead to a space arms race. Instead, clear supremacy is often the best and surest deterrent.
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