Obama to close terror war black sites

President Obama on Thursday will order the closure of so-called black sites, where CIA and European security services have interrogated terrorist suspects, under executive orders dismantling much of the Bush administration’s architecture for the war on terror, according to four individuals familiar with a draft executive order.

Mr. Obama will shutter “all permanent detention facilities overseas,” the draft said, according to the individuals, who asked not to be named because the orders had not been signed. There are at least eight such prisons, according to published reports. The Bush administration never revealed the number or locations of the facilities, although several were said to be in Eastern Europe.

The individuals said there will be three executive orders. One will order the black sites closed and require all interrogations of detainees across the entire U.S. intelligence community to adhere to the U.S. Army Field Manual. The manual specifies a range of interrogation techniques that are not considered to be torture.

Another executive order will close the prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, within 12 months, in accordance with an Obama campaign pledge. The final order deals with overall detention policy.

The orders discuss the status of the estimated 250 detainees at Guantanamo and what to do with them and call for a series of reviews on the status of the prisoners and the military commissions set up to try them. The review will look at transferring prisoners to military facilities in the United States.

Mr. Obama, in one of his first acts as president, on Wednesday suspended all the military commissions for 120 days. During his campaign and after his election, he promised that his administration would not practice torture. In his inaugural address Tuesday, he said, “we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. … Those ideals still light the world and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake.”

Congressional committees were briefed informally about the executive orders Wednesday. Administration officials discussed them with senior Republican legislators late Wednesday and will be briefing others opposed to changing current U.S. policies involving terrorist suspects, said a former Justice Department official familiar with the drafts. He asked not to be named because of the sensitivity of the topic.

The official said “there are serious concerns as to where the detainees will be held” and that sending them “into the U.S. federal court system may lead to some of them being released” because the military commissions have different guidelines regarding evidence.

White House officials declined to comment on the status of the orders.

A Pentagon official said it “would be too speculative to say what will happen with each detainee once the facility is closed” but “clearly there are some dangerous detainees at Guantanamo and they will continue to fight us. It’s still way too soon to make judgment calls as to what facilities they will be held in the U.S. or abroad.” The official also asked not to be named.

Meanwhile, the fallout from Guantanamo Bay is stalling the appointment of Attorney General-designate Eric H. Holder Jr., who said in his confirmation hearing last week that “waterboarding is torture” and now faces questions about whether he will prosecute U.S. intelligence agents who used that interrogation method.

Awaiting an answer, Republicans on the Senate Judiciary Committee delayed for at least a week a committee confirmation vote on Mr. Holder that was originally scheduled for Wednesday.

The new executive orders reverse much of the Bush administration’s approach to the war on terrorism. The outgoing director of national intelligence, Michael McConnell, warned publicly last week that the CIA would be hamstrung if it abided only by the Army Field Manual in conducting interrogations. “Does the [intelligence] community need interrogation techniques beyond what’s in the Army Field Manual? In my opinion, we do,” he told reporters at a farewell press conference.

According to the manual, interrogators are encouraged to develop a rapport with a prisoner. The manual allows the interrogator to exploit the fears of a prisoner but stop short of threatening him. Other allowed techniques include taking advantage of a prisoner’s strong feelings about an issue, showing false solidarity or attacking a prisoner’s pride.

Mr. Obama has hinted that the manual should dictate the treatment of detainees. On Jan. 11, Mr. Obama told ABC’s “This Week”: “If our top Army commanders feel comfortable with interrogation techniques that are squarely within the boundaries of rule of law, our Constitution and international standards, then those are things that we should be able to do.”

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