NASA plans return to moon

NASA plans to scrap its space shuttle fleet to pay for the agency’s new plan to return to the moon and develop human space exploration systems, senior administration officials said.

The agency intends to return to the moon early next decade in preparation for sending crews to explore Mars and nearby asteroids, the officials said. Such endeavors would require a new generation of spacecraft, but in the interim, American astronauts would use Europe’s Ariane rockets and Russia’s Soyuz capsules.

The space shuttle fleet costs the agency roughly $3.5 billion annually to maintain and operate.

The plans are a part of the Bush administration’s sweeping reform of the U.S. space program. The visionary new plan would be the most ambitious project entrusted to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration since the Apollo moon landings three decades ago. It commits the United States to an aggressive and far-reaching mission that holds interplanetary space as the human race’s new frontier.

According to senior administration sources, in the weeks following the Feb. 1 Columbia accident, President Bush met or conferred with NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe on an almost daily basis. What had been a persistent interest on the part of the president in space had now become much more focused.

Specifically, his interest has centered on NASA’s recovery and its future. Mr. Bush was not interested, however, in just throwing money at this. Rather, he was looking to lay out a more definitive plan for NASA and America’s civil space program. As such, these discussions evolved over the spring and into the summer to become a more focused and structured review of potential new space goals. The end result of that process is embodied in the policy Mr. Bush has now approved.

Mr. Bush is expected to announce the initiative in the middle of next week, officials said.

To begin the initiative, the president will ask Congress for a down payment of $800 million for fiscal year 2005, most of which will go to develop new robotic space vehicles and begin work on advanced human exploration systems.

Mr. Bush also plans to ask Congress to boost NASA’s $15.5 billion budget by 5 percent annually over at least the next five years, with all of the increase supporting space exploration. With the exception of the Defense and Homeland Security departments, no other agency is expected to receive a budget increase above inflation in FY 2005.

Along with retiring the shuttle fleet, the new plan calls for NASA to convert a planned follow-on spacecraft — called the orbital space plane — into versions of a new spaceship called the crew exploration vehicle (CEV). NASA would end substantial involvement in the space station project about the same time the moon landings would begin — starting in 2013, according to an administration timetable shown to UPI.

The first test flights of unmanned prototypes of the CEV could occur as soon as 2007. An orbital version would replace the shuttle to transport astronauts to and from the space station. However, sources said, the current timetable leaves a period of several years when NASA would lack manned space capability — hence the need to use Soyuz vehicles for flights to the station. Ariane rockets also might be used to launch lunar missions.

During the remainder of its participation in space station activities, NASA’s research would be redirected to sustaining humans in space. Other research programs not involving humans would be terminated or curtailed.

The various models of the CEV would be 21st-century versions of the 1960s Apollo spacecraft. When they become operational, they would be able to conduct various missions in the Earth’s orbit, travel to and land on the moon, send astronauts to rendezvous with nearby asteroids, and eventually serve as part of a series of manned missions to Mars.

Under the current plan, sources said, the first lunar landings would carry only enough resources to test advanced equipment that would be employed on voyages beyond the moon. Because the early moon missions would use existing rockets, they could deliver only small equipment packages. So the initial, return-to-the-moon missions essentially would begin where the Apollo landings left off — a few days at a time, growing gradually longer. The human landings could be both preceded and accompanied by robotic vehicles.

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