White shirts, Stars and Stripes fill blocks of Mall

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Hundreds of thousands of immigration rights supporters descended on the Mall yesterday, urging lawmakers on Capitol Hill to legalize the nation's estimated 10 million to 12 million illegal aliens and to defeat a House bill aimed at making them felons.

The Mall turned into an undulating sea of white shirts and American flags dotted with banners of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico. Protesters said they wanted to promote peace and show their love for the United States while supporting their homelands.

Cardinal Theodore E. McCarrick, the archbishop of Washington, spoke to the crowd and prayed.

"We are in a historic moment in our nation's history," he said. "Let us not now turn inward after all these centuries. We are all God's children, all brothers and sisters in his one human family."

Sen. Edward M. Kennedy, Massachusetts Democrat, said at the rally, "We are a nation of immigrants. This debate goes to the heart of who we are as Americans."

Organizers handed out blue signs that read, "We Are America," and small U.S. flags. Last week, they answered critics by discouraging the display of flags from Latin American nations.

Organizers estimated the crowd size on the Mall at 500,000, at one point stretching from Seventh to 13th streets. More than 1 million marchers participated in more than 140 rallies across the country to observe the National Day of Action for Immigrant Justice. The District's Metropolitan Police Department did not provide crowd estimates.

Moving to salsa beats, protesters chanted, "Today, we march, tomorrow, we vote," and held signs saying, "We are not criminals" and "God doesn't discriminate. Why do you?"

Frank Raddish, founder and general director of the Capitol Hill Independent Baptist Ministries, was skeptical that the demonstration would have any influence on Congress or on Americans' views about illegal immigration.

"Our politicians on Capitol Hill are acting very cowardly and they are trying to pass a very liberal immigration reform bill at the time of an election year to promote their own political futures," Mr. Raddish said.