Alito sworn in as 110th justice

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The Senate yesterday confirmed Judge Samuel A. Alito Jr. as the 110th justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

After a private swearing-in ceremony at the Supreme Court, Justice Alito took the front-row seat of Sandra Day O'Connor at President Bush's State of the Union address before Congress last night.

Yesterday's 58-42 vote in the Senate was the second-narrowest Supreme Court confirmation in more than a century. It ended a tumultuous seven months since former Justice O'Connor announced her retirement and rewards a decades-long effort by conservatives to reshape the court.

"This is a monumental step forward," Sen. Orrin G. Hatch, Utah Republican, said shortly after the largely partisan vote in which Justice Alito received 20 fewer votes than Mr. Bush's first Supreme Court nominee, Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr.

Democratic Sens. Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia, Kent Conrad of North Dakota, Tim Johnson of South Dakota and Ben Nelson of Nebraska joined almost all the chamber's Republicans in supporting the nomination. Sen. Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island was the only Republican to oppose confirmation.

"Sam Alito is a brilliant and fair-minded judge who strictly interprets the Constitution and laws and does not legislate from the bench," Mr. Bush said yesterday before his State of the Union speech. "He is a man of deep character and integrity, and he will make all Americans proud as a justice on our highest court."

During his address to Congress last night, Mr. Bush thanked the Senate for confirming Justices Roberts and Alito.

"I will continue to nominate men and women who understand that judges must be servants of the law and not legislate from the bench," he said, to a standing ovation from half the chamber.

Another White House ceremony in Judge Alito's honor is scheduled for today, at which he will recite his oath of office a second time.

Justice O'Connor's retirement, which was quickly followed by the death of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, was the Supreme Court's first departure in 11 years, a time during which liberals and conservatives amassed millions of dollars and marshaled thousands of volunteers for the pending fight.