D.C.'s first Fringe

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The Capital Fringe Festival may be new to Washington, but in hosting this 10-day grab bag of oddball and arty performances, the metropolitan area joins a summertime tradition that is nearly 60 years old.

The Fringe began in 1947 in Edinburgh, Scotland, when eight uninvited theater troupes crashed the International Festival. Unable to find lodging or performing space, the groups performed at venues beyond the public main stages. The Fringe was born -- without a box office, official programs or advance publicity.

According to the Edinburgh Fringe's history archives, it was Robert Kemp of the Evening News who coined the name of what has become the largest and most famous independent theater festival in the world, saying, "Round the fringe of the official Festival drama there seems to be a more private enterprise than before."

By 1958, a Fringe Festival Society had been established, along with the requisite brochure, a central box office and other amenities. That also was the year Dudley Moore and Ken Loach performed comedy at the festival, followed a year later by playwright and actor Alan Bennett.

The famous satiric revue "Beyond the Fringe" debuted in 1960, with Mr. Bennett, Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Jonathan Miller. "Monty Python" alums Michael Palin, Terry Jones and Eric Idle tried out their brand of academic, schoolboyish humor there in 1964, followed by Tom Stoppard's premiere of "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead" in 1966.

Other funnymen who got a leg up at the Fringe include Clive James, Billy Connolly, Rowan Atkinson, Stephen Fry, Hugh Laurie and Emma Thompson (who, according to Edinburgh Fringe archives, won the new Perrier Comedy Award in 1981). Fringe performers of the '80s and '90s -- including Dawn French, Jennifer Saunders, Eddie Izzard and Ruby Wax -- are the perennial stars of the "Brit wit" sitcoms still seen on public television.

Americans have gotten into the act as well -- Christian Slater appeared in "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" in 2004, although the opening was delayed because he came down with chicken pox. Twice.

From its original eight theater troupes, the Edinburgh festival has grown to more than 16,190 performers and 1,800 shows in 247 venues. In 2005, 1.35 million tickets were sold. The Fringe spread to Canada in the 1980s, and today there is a coast-to-coast circuit of festivals, including the Edmonton Festival, which in 2005 hosted 500,000 visitors in 10 days. In the United States, yearly Fringe festivals spawn artistic mayhem in San Francisco, Minneapolis, Orlando, Fla., New York, Philadelphia and other major cities.

And now, Washington. What took so long?

"We are definitely one of the last major cities to have a Fringe," Capital Fringe founder Damian Sinclair admits, "but we did beat Chicago, which doesn't have one yet, so we can take some kind of comfort in that."