FORT PIERCE, Fla. — A Florida county has grand plans to ditch its dump, generate electricity and help build roads — all by vaporizing garbage at temperatures hotter than the sun.
The $425 million facility expected to be built in St. Lucie County will use lightninglike plasma arcs to turn trash into gas and rocklike material. It will be the first such plant in the nation operating on such a massive scale and the largest in the world.
Supporters say the process is cleaner than traditional trash incineration, though skeptics question whether the technology can meet the lofty expectations.
The 100,000-square-foot plant, slated to be operational in two years, is expected to vaporize 3,000 tons of garbage a day. County officials estimate their entire landfill — 4.3 million tons of trash collected since 1978 — will be gone in 18 years.
No byproduct will go unused, according to Geoplasma, the Atlanta-based company building and funding the plant.
Synthetic, combustible gas produced in the process will be used to run turbines to create electricity — about 120 megawatts a day — that will be sold back to the grid. The facility will operate on about a third of the power it generates, free from outside electricity.
About 80,000 pounds of steam per day will be sold to a neighboring Tropicana Products Inc. facility to power the juice plant’s turbines.
Sludge from the county’s wastewater treatment plant will be vaporized, and a material created from melted organic matter — up to 600 tons a day — will be hardened into slag, and sold for use in road and construction projects.
“This is sustainability in its truest and finest form,” said Hilburn Hillestad, president of Geoplasma, a subsidiary of Jacoby Development Inc.
For years, some waste-management facilities have been converting methane — created by rotting trash in landfills — to power. Others also burn trash to produce electricity.
But specialists say population growth will limit space available for future landfills.
“We’ve only got the size of the planet,” said Richard Tedder, program administrator for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s solid-waste division. “Because of all of the pressures of development, people don’t want landfills. It’s going to be harder and harder to site new landfills, and it’s going to be harder for existing landfills to continue to expand.”
The facility in St. Lucie County, on central Florida’s Atlantic Coast, aims to solve that problem by eliminating the need for a landfill. Only two similar facilities exist in the world — both in Japan — but are operating on a much smaller scale.
Up to eight plasma arc-equipped cupolas will vaporize trash year-round, nonstop. Garbage will be brought in on conveyor belts and dumped into the cylindrical cupolas, where it falls into a zone of heat more than 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
“We didn’t want to do it like everybody else,” said Leo Cordeiro, the county’s solid-waste director. “We knew there were better ways.”
No emissions are released during the process, Geoplasma says. The only emissions will come from the synthetic gas-powered turbines that create electricity. Even that will be cleaner than burning coal or natural gas, specialists say.
Few other toxins will be generated, if any at all, Geoplasma says.
But critics disagree.
“We’ve found projects similar to this being misrepresented all over the country,” said Monica Wilson of the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives.
Miss Wilson said there aren’t enough studies yet to prove the company’s claims that emissions will likely be less than from a standard natural-gas power plant.
She also said other companies have tried to produce such results and failed. She cited two similar facilities run by different companies in Australia and Germany that closed after failing to meet emissions standards.
“I think this is the time for the residents of this county to start asking some tough questions,” Miss Wilson said.
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