Special feature: Green living

Pocketbook concerns have merged with environmental interests in recent years, with homeowners and buyers focusing on green building with new enthusiasm. For decades, environmentally aware architects, builders and consumers have touted the benefits of solar power, careful land use, recycling and using less energy, along with the cost-saving payback of such efforts.

Since 2003, the number of counties with green building programs has risen from eight to 39, according to an American Institute of Architects (AIA) study titled, “Local Leaders in Sustainability: Green Counties.” The study found that the eastern region of the country, which includes the Washington area, has the most counties with green building programs, with 19 programs covering a population of about 19 million people.

The study focuses on Montgomery County as one example of an innovative program that has encouraged the development of sustainable buildings. The Arlington County government introduced the Green Home Choice Program in 2003 as incentive for builders to go green. The program includes listings of the techniques and products that make homes more environmentally friendly.

The District was named one of the Top Ten Best U.S. Green Roof Cities by the advocacy group Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. Todd Tibbitts, senior vice president for property services at Post Properties Inc., wrote in an article on green roofs for Units magazine that in 2007, more than 55,000 square feet of new green roofs were installed in the District.

Green roofs, which can be installed on residential and commercial buildings, feature landscaping and foliage on the top of the building that often can be used by residents and tenants as a natural space for relaxing and socializing. Green roofs limit water runoff, shield the rooftop from damaging ultraviolet rays and provide extra insulation that minimizes cooling costs and cuts down noise pollution. A green roof can add to the life span of a roof, in some cases doubling the length of time the roof can function.

National and local builders have responded to buyer interest in green building. A survey released in July from the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and McGraw-Hill Construction revealed that 78 percent of homeowners earning less than $50,000 per year say they would be inclined to purchase a green home. This same survey estimates that more than 330,000 market rate homes with green features have been built in the United States during the past three years, representing a $36 billion per year industry.

The “Home Preferences of Green Home Buyers” survey by McGraw-Hill Construction and the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) in 2006 said that home buyers are willing to pay an average premium of $18,500 for greener and cleaner homes. A 2007 NAHB-McGraw Hill study predicted that during the next decade, green building construction will increase an average of 30 percent to 60 percent each year. By 2010, up to 10 percent of the housing starts in the United States are predicted to include green building, compared with just 2 percent of housing starts in 2005.

The number of Energy Star-certified homes has doubled since 2001. Energy Star-certified homes meet high standards of energy efficiency as established in a joint program of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy.

Calvert Group Ltd., a mutual-fund company that is a national leader in sustainable and responsible investing, collaborated with the Boston College Institute for Responsible Investment on “A Survey of Sustainable Practices by the Homebuilding Industry,” completed in March 2008. The survey said the green building industry is seeing annual growth of as much as 30 percent annually.

The survey of the 13 largest publicly traded national home builders found that every one of them has incorporated some environmental and efficiency programs and products in some of their new homes. Many of the home builders focused on sustainable programs in certain regions. Twelve of the 13 home builders are committed to building 100 percent Energy Star-certified homes in some of their markets. Beazer Homes Corp. has made the commitment to build 100 percent Energy Star-certified homes in more than half of its markets. Pulte Homes Inc. has built more than 15,000 Energy Star homes, more than any other national home builder.

Centex Homes and D.R. Horton Inc. are participating in green building programs, including the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System. LEED for Homes, introduced in December, is a nationally recognized benchmark for the design, construction and operation of green residential buildings. D.R. Horton was the first of the nation’s largest home builders to build a LEED-certified home. Pulte Homes has completed more than 100 projects working with the Building America advanced environmental technologies program of the Department of Energy.

Artery Homes LLC, which builds homes in Maryland and Virginia, began building every one of its homes to be Energy Star compliant beginning in 2005. Standard features in Artery’s homes include high-performance low-E windows, high-efficiency heating and air conditioning systems, improved insulation, tight air ducts and a controlled air filtration package. The Energy Star program estimates that homes with Energy Star certification use about 30 percent less energy for home heating, cooling and water heating.

PN Hoffman Inc. developed the Alta at Thomas Circle, one of the first LEED-certified condominium buildings in the District. The company intends to include green building features in all future projects, including Energy Star appliances, water-saving devices, compact fluorescent lighting, a high-efficiency mechanical system, green roofs, low-E glass to maximize solar heat-gain efficiency, and low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) paints, carpets and adhesives, which provide better indoor air quality and reduce product off-gassing.

In addition, PN Hoffman will build green roofs on its developments, use rapidly renewable materials and continue to develop projects with transit-oriented design convenient to Metro stations and Zipcar locations for alternative transportation. (Zipcars are rental cars available in a variety of areas for short-term use by consumers who pay a monthly fee to have access to the cars.)

EYA, which builds homes in Maryland, Virginia and the District, has focused on environmentally friendly practices for more than 15 years, locating its homes within walking distance of shops, restaurants and other conveniences, including public transportation. The company also chooses locations with infrastructure in place so as to disturb the environment as little as possible.

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