Press freedoms curbed

ASTANA, Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is due to assume leadership next year of an important international body set up to foster dialogue between East and West on topics including human rights. But its record on freedom of expression remains poor and there remain significant concerns about its upcoming stewardship of the 56-nation Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).

Since Kazakhstan gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Nursultan Nazarbayev, the unchallenged leader and former Soviet Politburo member, has controlled the media through censorship and oppressive media laws, quashing any effective opposition press.

Although the Kazakh government has offered pledges of reform, watchdog groups, such as the International Press Institute (IPI), regard these actions as largely cosmetic and part of a public relations campaign directed at the European Union and Washington.

A 2008 report by Reporters Without Borders ranks Kazakhstan 125th out of 173 countries in terms of press freedom.

The Kazakh leader has himself admitted shortcomings.

“In a poor society torn by social antagonisms, it is impossible to attain the model of a liberal and pluralistic press,” Mr. Nazarbayev told the Eurasian Media Forum in 2003.

Six years later, despite oil wealth and political stability, media liberalization appears stalled. Most privately owned media remains in the hands of major financial groups with links to relatives of the president and other members of the ruling elite.

The Kazakh government has consolidated its state-owned media holdings, establishing a media oligarchy with a prominent role for Dariga Nazarbayeva, 46, the president’s daughter.

She is the founder and chairwoman of the Khabar Broadcasting Agency, Kazakhstans largest TV company. It is the first satellite television channel and one of the major media networks in Central Asia. The company also owns radio stations, several newspapers and the news agency, Kazakhstan Today. The opera-singing media maven also serves as the leader of the Congress of Journalists of Kazakhstan, an independent public association of Kazakh media organizations, and serves as chairwoman of the annual Eurasian Media Forum, based in Kazakhstan.

“There are only five independent media out of a so-called 3,000 represented in the country. The state control of the media ensures that no corruption information reaches the general public,” said Bulat Abilov, head of an opposition party called Azat or “Freedom.”

A successful businessman engaged in international trade, he underwrites several opposition newspapers, including Svoboda Slova, “Freedom of Speech.”

In a further attempt to crack down on freedom of expression, Kazakhstans Parliament has passed a law that classifies all Internet expression - including blogs, personal Web pages in social networks, comments and chat room messages - as mass media. The measure permits blocking any online resources perceived as violating Kazakh law without consulting a court.

“Although we are a regulator and oversee the technical administration, our office does not formally block sites; it is the responsibility of the Web site to observe the laws,” said Kuanyshbek Yesekeyev, chairman of the Information Technology and Communications Agency.

The government has already blocked access to a number of opposition Web sites.

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