Thursday, August 28, 2008
Iraq's al-Sadr may stay in Iran for years
NAJAF, Iraq | Militant Shi'ite leader Muqtada al-Sadr plans to make a series of short visits to Iraq starting within weeks but has decided to make Iran his home base for years to come, a key aide says.
The aide spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not supposed to discuss the subject. He is close to the 35-year-old cleric and has accurately reported on the Sadrist movement for several years.
The aide would not say how long Mr. al-Sadr would stay in Iran, where he has lived since May 2007, but said it was "reasonable" to expect he would remain there for five or more years.
That's the time Mr. al-Sadr needs to prepare to win acceptance as a "marjaa," joining Iraq's top Shi'ite leader, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, and three other grand ayatollahs as members of the highest Shi'ite religious authority.
Mr. al-Sadr announced in March that he had moved to the Iranian holy city of Qom to focus on religious studies - an essential credential for power in Iraq's majority Shi'ite community.
The decision to extend his stay could indicate that the cleric, whose Mahdi Army militia battled U.S. and Iraqi forces for years, has decided his future lies in politics, not violence.
Last month, Mr. al-Sadr announced he was transforming his militia into a social-welfare body with a few guerrilla cells to attack U.S. troops if Washington doesn't agree to leave Iraq. The announcement followed setbacks in battles with the U.S.-supported Iraqi army in Baghdad, Basra and Amarah.
The decision to stay in Qom also could be part of a move by Iran to control Shi'ite resistance in Iraq. The U.S. military thinks Iran arms and trains breakaway Mahdi Army cells, a claim the Iranians deny.
"He is the guest of the Iranian government, who will control him ... until such time they have comfortably wrested control of the Mahdi Army away from him," said Vali R. Nasr, a U.S.-based expert on Shi'ite affairs.
Mr. Nasr said talk of remaining in Iran for studies or other reasons may be "grandstanding and face-saving talk," suggesting that Mr. al-Sadr may not be free to leave.
However, Mr. al-Sadr's aide said remaining in Iran would give Mr. al-Sadr time to pursue his religious education beyond what he needs to become an ayatollah. Mr. al-Sadr expects to reach that goal in 2010, the aide said.
Mr. al-Sadr realizes it will take longer for him to win a place at the top of the Shi'ite clerical hierarchy in the holy city of Najaf - the world's foremost seat of Shi'ite learning. Najaf's religious establishment is often hostile to newcomers, and money and political connections count nearly as much as scholarship and piety.
Mr. al-Sadr's quest for clerical eminence is likely to rattle the Najaf religious establishment - immersed in centuries-old traditions and unfamiliar with his mix of street politics, social outreach and violence.
His ambitions may be unrealistic. Even the cleric's aide and a Sadrist lawmaker acknowledged that for Mr. al-Sadr to succeed, he must overcome a number of hurdles, including Ayatollah al-Sistani and rivals in the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council - the country's most powerful Shi'ite party.
However, Mr. al-Sadr's quest may be backed by some in Iran's Shi'ite clerical hierarchy who are grooming him for leadership.
Two clerics supervising his studies are key Iraq-born figures in the Iranian clerical establishment - Grand Ayatollah Kazim al-Haeri and Ayatollah Mahmoud al-Hashemi, head of the Iranian judiciary.
Mr. al-Sadr comes from one of Najaf's oldest religious families. His father, Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Sadiq al-Sadr, was gunned down by suspected agents of Saddam Hussein in 1999 along with two sons.
Muqtada al-Sadr's wife is a daughter of Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Sadr, a distant relative of his father and one of Shi'ite Islam's most prominent theologians. He was tortured to death in 1980 by Saddam's agents.
However, Ayatollah al-Sistani, who is 80 and is still an Iranian citizen more than a half century after settling in Iraq, dominates the religious establishment. He was at odds with Mr. al-Sadr's father and is said to consider the son an upstart whose actions are unbecoming for a cleric.
Ayatollah al-Sistani suffers from a heart condition for which he received treatment in London in 2004.
The leader of the Supreme Council, Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, is an al-Sistani ally and an al-Sadr critic; he has been diagnosed with lung cancer.
Their departure would remove the toughest opponents to Mr. al-Sadr's recognition as a marjaa.
"If al-Sadr declares himself a marjaa too soon or under unsuitable circumstances, even a hint from Ayatollah al-Sistani that questions his credentials will stick to him for years," said the al-Sadr aide. "The conditions must be perfect, and that's why al-Sadr decided to focus on his studies for many years."