Traders wash hands of Zimbabwe ‘blood diamonds’

JOHANNESBURG | Zimbabwe last week auctioned 900,000 carats of rough gems from a diamond field where human rights groups say soldiers killed 200 people, raped women and enslaved children.

It was the first public sale of diamonds from the notorious Marange field in eastern Zimbabwe since international regulators imposed a ban in November under rules designed to screen out conflict gems.

This week, the U.S.-based Rapaport Diamond Trading Network, an industry diamond price and information provider, responded to the sale by vowing to expel any member that knowingly trades gems from two Zimbabwean mines in the Marange field.

“This is the first time that we’ve heard of a large group like the Rapaport group actually taking such a strong stand,” said Tiseke Kasambala, a Zimbabwe specialist with Human Rights Watch.

“Consumers will certainly ask questions” about the stones they are buying, she added.

The sale coincided with the “blood diamonds” phase of the war crimes trial of Charles Taylor, the former Liberian president. Mr. Taylor’s case and the Zimbabwean sale are unrelated, but both point to the successes and difficulties facing the campaign to regulate the trade in diamonds that has helped finance wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Angola, Congo and now Ivory Coast.

The auction in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe, proceeded after the gems were certified as conflict-free by Abbey Chikane, a monitor for the Kimberley Process that oversees trade in the diamonds.

Mr. Chikane had established that soldiers were gone from two fenced-off commercial mines producing the diamonds, and that the mines were operating according to “minimum international standards.”

In the rest of the field, where Zimbabwe’s military still holds sway and abuses reportedly continue, a ban on diamonds remains in place. But there is no guarantee its product won’t infiltrate into the legitimately mined stones.

The arrangement so angered American gem trader Martin Rapaport that he quit in February as president of the World Diamond Council.

“The tragedy of Zimbabwe is that the Kimberley Process has started legitimizing, legalizing, kosherizing blood diamonds,” he said in a telephone interview from Israel as the auction got under way last week.

He said it made Kimberley participants “liars who are telling the world that these diamonds are legitimate.”

The Kimberley Process was set up in 2002. Its members are 75 diamond-producing and diamond-trading countries, along with industry agencies and civic and human rights bodies such as London-based Global Witness.

Stephane Chardon, chairman of the Kimberley monitoring group, said it deserved credit for the original ban on Marange diamonds and for ensuring that the two fenced-off mines were being run properly.

He noted that the Kimberley rules apply only to blood diamonds mined and sold by rebel movements or their allies to finance armed conflicts aimed at toppling legitimate governments. It has no provision for punishing governments.

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