Gas up $1 a gallon on Obama’s watch

Gas prices have risen $1 since just after President Obama took office in January 2009 and are now closing in on the $3 mark, prompting an evaluation of the administration’s energy record and calls for the White House to open more U.S. land for oil exploration.

The average price per gallon across the U.S. hit $2.81 this week, according to the Energy Information Administration. That was up from $1.81 the week of Jan. 26, 2009, just after the inauguration, and marks the highest price since Oct. 20, 2008.

John B. Townsend II, a spokesman for AAA Mid-Atlantic, said price increases are a result of the cost of crude oil, thanks to a decision by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries not to raise production even as economic growth in countries such as Russia and China spurs more demand.

“From all indications, we’re going to see $3 gas again this summer,” he said.

The Obama administration also blames the market for the high prices and argues that its record for expanding energy development has been solid over the past year.

“The prices are set by the world market,” said Kendra Barkoff, a spokeswoman for the Interior Department, which manages federal lands that would be leased for oil exploration.

Gas prices have been on a roller-coaster ride over the past decade, dropping to near $1 after President George W. Bush’s first year in office, crossing the $2 mark in 2005 and reaching $4 in June 2008 before Congress and Mr. Bush took action, lifting presidential and congressionally imposed moratoriums on expanding offshore drilling on the Outer Continental Shelf.

Mr. Bush lifted the presidential moratorium in July that year. The congressional moratorium expired Sept. 30, and prices fell precipitously, dropping more than $1 in October.

“The reason that it dropped is because the U.S. sent a signal to the markets, by dropping the moratoria, that we’re going to drill on our lands. Obviously, we never followed up, and thus you see the crisis gradually rising,” said Rep. Doc Hastings of Washington, the ranking Republican on the Natural Resources Committee.

He said the solution is the same for both the short-term and long-term prices: Assure the markets that the U.S. will pursue domestic exploration.

Presidents have little direct control on the price drivers pay at the pump, but that doesn’t insulate them from taking blame. Mr. Bush faced harsh criticism as gas prices rose past $3, and Mr. Hastings said Mr. Obama is likely to face the same pressures if prices continue to rise.

Mr. Townsend said part of the problem for Congress and the administration is that speculators are betting on an improved economy, which is helping drive up prices.

The Obama administration on Wednesday ruled out any increase to the federal gas tax. Deputy Transportation Secretary John Porcari told a Senate committee that a tax increase could hurt economic recovery.

Among the steps Mr. Obama could take to affect prices is to release oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which is designed as a last resort to accommodate a collapse in oil supply.

In May 2008, with prices averaging $3.70 a gallon, Mr. Obama co-sponsored an amendment in the Senate that would have forced the Bush administration to stop filling the reserve, which was not at capacity at the time. The amendment passed by a vote of 97-1, and a few days later, Mr. Bush reversed his own long-standing opposition and halted filling of the reserve.

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